高血脂患者血脂相关知识需求及自我保健行为调查

Investigation of serum lipid-related knowledge requirement and self-care behaviors of patients with hyperlipidemia

目的了解高血脂患者对血脂相关知识的需求及自我保健行为,为开展合理有效的健康教育提供依据。方法采用自行设计的问卷,对150例高血脂患者的基本资料、血脂相关知识需求、获得血脂相关知识的途径及自我保健行为进行调查。结果患者最为需要的血脂相关知识为高脂血症的主要危害(70.7%)、科学的饮食方法(65.3%)及血脂异常与冠心病的关系(62.7%);最不需要的是高脂血症的诊断标准(22.7%)、心理调适方法(22.0%)及血脂项目与正常值(15.3%)。患者更倾向获取知识的途径是健康讲座(81.3%)、健康教育手册(77.3%)及宣传栏(52.0%);对于录像和录音(12.7%)及新型的健康教育模式如短信提醒(30.7%)、信邮提醒(34.7%)等方式需求并不强烈。在自我保健行为方面,大多数患者在饮酒(76.0%)、吸烟(52.0%)、吃新鲜蔬菜或水果(74.7%)、动物油摄入(65.3%)、饮茶(59.3%)、锻炼身体(84.7%)等行为方面较为健康,但每天业余用于看电视、阅读、使用电脑和玩电子游戏的时间过长,其中用于以上活动时间≥4 h的患者占52.0%。结论护士应了解患者的需求及其具体生活状态,实施有针对性的健康教育,才能为有效控制患者的血脂水平提供帮助。

Objective To investigate the serum lipid-related knowledge requirement and self-care behaviors of patients with hyperlipidemia so as to provide basis for effective health education. Methods A total of 150 patients with hyperlipidemia were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire for demographic data, serum lipid-related knowledge requirement and self-care behaviors. Results The serum lipid-related knowledge most required by patients was the main harm caused by hyperlipidemia （70.7%）, proper dietary management （65.3 % ） and the relationship between hyperlipidemia and coronary heart diseases （62.7%）, while the serum lipid-related knowledge less required was the diagnostic criteria of hyperlipidemia （22.7%）, psychological adjustment method （22.0%）, the serum lipid parameters and normal range of values （15.3%）. Patients were more inclined to acquire knowledge by attending health seminars （81.3%） and reading heahh education manuals （77.3%） and publicity column （52.0%）. In contrast, video and audio （12.7%）, short message reminders （30.7%） and email reminders （34.7%） were not popularly accepted. Most of the patients had proper behaviors on alcohol intake （76.0%）, smoking （52.0%）, fresh vegetables and fruits taking （74.7%）, lard intake （65.3%）, tea drinking （59.3%） and physical exercises （84.7%）. However, 52.0% patients spent no less than 4 h on watching TV, reading, using computers and playing computer games every day. Conclusion Nurses should understand the needs of education and life status of patients. It is important to provide individualized health education to help the patients control serum lipid levels.