整枝和滴灌灌溉制度对番茄产量品质和耗水的影响

Effects of Pruning and Irrigation Management on Tomato Yield,Quality and Water Use under Drip Irrigation

无限生长型番茄的整枝和水分管理是影响其产量和品质的主要措施之一。在2年的田间试验中发现,在我国华北半湿润地区番茄露地生产中,当保留4层花果序时,可以在番茄第1、第2层穗果的果实如鸡蛋大小时,将第1、第2层穗果下部的枝叶全部去掉,仅保留第3和第4层穗果的主枝叶进行光合作用;并且在番茄缓苗后,可控制滴头正下方0.2m深度土壤基质势的下限高于-50kPa。这种番茄整枝和滴灌灌溉制度不影响番茄的产量,并且提高了果实中可溶性糖和蛋白质的含量,减少灌水量和耗水量,而且还可以提高番茄的水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率。

Pruning and irrigation management are very important for better yield and quality of indeterminate tomato. A two-year field experiment was conducted in semi-humid regions of North China. In this trial, four inflorescences were kept for open-field grown tomatoes, and when fruits in the first and second inflorescences were in the shape and size of chicken eggs, all branches down the first and second inflorescences were cut and only branches on the main stem for third and fourth inflorescences were kept for pho- tosynthesis. Meanwhile, after tomato seedlings stage, the soil matric potential at 0.2 m depth immediately under drip emitters was kept over --50 kPa. It was found this training and irrigation managements not only improved tomato yield, improved soluble sugar and protein content in the fruit, decreased irrigation amount and tomato water use, it also improved tomato water use efficiency and irrigation water use et＇ficiency.