华云进香:民间信仰、朝山习俗与明清以来徽州的日常生活

Pilgrimages to Mount Jiuhua and Mount Qiyun:Folk Beliefs,Pilgrimage Custom and Daily Life in Huizhou since the Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清以来,徽州民间普遍存在着朝山习俗,各地民众根据距离的远近、个人经济能力之高低,选择不同的地点朝山进香。其中,最为重要的进香旅程是前往九华山和齐云山,俗称"朝九华"和"上齐云",以及随后出现的融为一体之"华云进香"活动。本文利用田野调查收集到的一批民间文献,结合口碑资料,研究此种朝山习俗以及与之相关的民间信仰和日常生活。从民众的信仰生活、僧俗关系以及村落会组织的运作来看,"华云进香"习俗为我们探讨地方社会与民众日常生活提供了一个独特的观察视角。具体而微的徽州民间文献,可以从史料的角度"较近距离"地窥见民众日常生活的诸多侧面,考察一地社会经济、文化、民间信仰之间的相互联系,从而展示出更为丰富多彩的日常生活图景。

Pilgrimage has been a folk custom in Huizhou since the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the choice of certain pilgrimage sites is mainly decided by its distance and people＇s financial strength. Among all of those pilgrimage journeys, travels to Mount Jiuhua and Mount Qiyun, with series of accompanied activities, are the most significant activities for local folks, which are commonly known as＂Towards Jiuhua and Qiyun＂.This research focuses on this pilgrimage cus- tom, relevant folk beliefs, and local daily lives by analyzing folk writings and legends collected through field investiga- tions, which demonstrates that the analysis on this pilgrimage custom provides a unique perspective for studying local so- ciety and people＇s daily lives. A close observation of local people＇s daily lives could be achieved by folk documents, which therefore provides opportunities in investigating the relationship between social economics, culture, and folk beliefs, thereby a more colorful picture of daily life in Huizhou can be revealed.