普特南计算功能主义的思想来源分析

Analysis of the Origins of Putnam's Computational Functionalism

普特南最早提出的计算功能主义作为解决心身问题的强有力尝试,在认知科学和心智哲学研究领域产生了深远影响。以普特南本人的著述为主要依据,从哲学、心理学、计算机科学、语言学等方面探讨普特南计算功能主义的思想来源,并分析这些思想来源如何在普特南的思想中得以实现。文章指出,机械主义和科学实在论以及对行为主义和心身同一论的批驳对普特南的思想形成具有重要影响,而直接促成计算功能主义产生的则是图灵机与图灵测试思想。乔姆斯基的转换生成语法和麦卡洛克-皮茨神经系统开关逻辑思想也对普特南的思想形成具有间接的影响。

The computational functionalism first put up by l-Iilary Putnam as the attempt of solving the mind -body problem bad a deep influence in the research area of cognitive science and philosophy of mind. Depending on the original resources of Putnam, this paper uses the research methods of history of science to discuss the origins of Put- nam＇ s computational functionalism from the aspects of philosophy, psychology, computer science, and linguistics. It also analyzes how these thoughts realized in Putnam＇ s theory. Mechanism, scientific realism, and the criticism of be- haviorism and identity theory affected Putnam a lot. The Turing Machine and Turing Test were the direct causes of the computational functionalism. The transformational generative grammar of Chomsky and the switching logic of Mc- Culloch and Pitts also had some indirect influence on Putnam＇s thoughts.