进化认识论EEM纲领的研究转向——向非适应主义进路延伸

The Turning of Evolutionary Epistemology Mechanism Program: Towards a Non-adaptationism Approach

博瑞德将进化认识论划分为EEM纲领(认知机制进化)和EET纲领(理论进化)。早期EEM纲领以自然选择论为核心考察生物认知机制进化,在生物自适应基础上融合了现代综合论与达尔文论思想,坚持适应主义主张。随着系统论的提出,这种缺陷愈发明显,使研究进路转向非适应主义,突破了纯粹的"内在主义"和"外在主义"界线,汲取激进建构论滋养,据此"自适应"向"预适应"、"延伸适应"和"可供性"扩展,而早期的"对应论"转向了"融通论",特别强调了生命要义,实现方法上的转型和理论上的创新。

Bradie divides evolutionary epistemology into two different programs, namely, EEM program and EET program. Early EEM program addresses biological cognitive mechanism based on nature selection theory. It advo- cates the adaptationism approach combined with Modem Synthesis and Darwin＇ s theory in terms of adaptation. With the emergence of the system theory, the weaknesses of this approach have become increasingly prominent, leading this approach to adaptationism beyond the border of intemalism and extemalism. The radical constructivism has been considered in this context, hereby adaptation has been expanded into preadaption, ex - aptation and affor- dance. Correspondence theory has been replaced by coherence theory, highlighting survival. It aims at the transfor- mation of research methods and theoretical innovation.