青少年人群感知抑郁症病耻感与求助意向研究

A cross-sectional study on depression stigma and help-seeking intentions among youths in Beijing

目的研究青少年人群感知抑郁症病耻感的水平及其对求助意向的影响,为制定青年抑郁患者治疗方案提供依据。方法采用感知抑郁症病耻感量表、Beck抑郁自评量表、求助对象倾向问卷,于2008年5—9月对方便抽取的北京市15～24岁青少年830名进行问卷调查。结果调查对象的感知抑郁症病耻感得分为(19.48±4.18)。15～18岁年龄组感知抑郁症病耻感水平(20.16±4.23)高于19～24岁年龄组(18.75±4.01),文化程度高中及以下的调查对象病耻感水平(19.79±4.37)高于大学及以上者(19.12±3.92),出生地为北京的青年感知抑郁症病耻感(20.19±4.21)高于外地者(18.96±4.09),差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。年长者、外地居民倾向于向专业机构和师长亲戚求助;男性求助意向高于女性;受教育程度越高,求助意向越高;抑郁水平和感知抑郁症病耻感与青少年的求助意向呈负相关。结论不同年龄、文化程度、出生地的青少年之间感知抑郁症病耻感存在差异。感知抑郁病耻感会降低青年人群的心理求助意向。

Objective To study the epidemiological status of perceived stigma against depression and to analyze its influ- ence on help-seeking intentions among youths in Beijing. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Beijing and totally 830 young people aged 15-24 years was recruited with accidental sampling to an investigation with a self-administrated question- naire. Results The level of perceived stigma against depression was 19.48±4.18. The levels of perceived depression stigma of people age from 15 to 18 （ 20.16±4.23 ） were higher than those of people age from 19 to 24 （ 18.75±4.01） , perceived depression among people who got education bellow college （ 19.79±4.37 ） than those of people who got education no less than college （19.12 ±3.92 ） , levels of perceived depression stigma among natives （ 20.19±4.21 ）were higher than those of immigrant people （ 18.96± 4.09 ）. The differences were statistically significant（ P〈0.05 ）. The older and immigrants tended to seek help from professional insti- tutions and teachers, parents and relatives. Male＇s level of help-seeking intention was higher than that of female. High levels of edu- cation were correlated with high levels of help-seeking intention, depression and perceived stigma had negative influences on help- seeking intention. Conclusion The differences of perceived stigma between age, born places and education status are statistically significant. Perceived stigma would significantly reduce young people＇s intention of seeking help.