洪灾区小学生创伤后应激反应影响因素分析

Influencing factors of post-traumatic stress reaction among primary school students after a flood disaster

目的分析洪灾后小学生创伤后应激反应(PTSR)的影响因素,为灾后小学生心理重建提供参考依据。方法使用自编洪灾暴露因素问卷、青少年心理韧性问卷(ARS)和修订版儿童事件影响量表(CRIES),对洪灾3个月后茂名市某小学837名小学生进行问卷调查,并用χ2检验、线性分层回归等统计方法进行分析。结果女生PTSR阳性检出率高于男生(P<0.01);洪灾暴露因素问卷中的"生命是否遭受威胁"、"是否目睹他人死亡"和ARS中的"情绪控制"、"积极认知"维度对小学生CRIES总分具有显著性预测作用(R2=0.18,P<0.01)。结论洪灾时应保护学生避免暴露于恐惧性场景;灾后心理重建应注意性别差异,并着重在情绪调控、积极认知训练等方面提高青少年儿童的心理韧性,以预防或改善其创伤心理。

Objective To investigate associated factors with post-traumatic stress reaction （PTSR） among primary school students affected by a flood disaster. Methods Questionnaires including Flood Exposure List, Adolescent Resilience Scale （ ARS ） and Children＇s Revised Impact of Event Scale （CRIES） were implemented among 837 primary school students in Maoming city, Guangdong province 3 months after the flood disaster. Chi-square test and linear hierarchical regression were used for analysis. Re- stilts The positive rate of PTSR among girls was higher than that of boys （ P〈0.01 ） ; ＂life threatened or not＂ , ＂witnessed others＂ death or not＂ in SFEL and dimensions of ＂emotion control＂ and ＂positive cognition＂ in ARS predicted the total score of CRIES sig- nificantly （ R2 = 0.18 ,P〈0. 01 ）. Conclusion When in flooding, children should be protected from horrible scenes. Psychological reconstruction after the disaster should take gender issues into consideration, as well as focusing on improvement of psychological re- silience through emotional control and positive cognitive training.