汶川地震灾区边坡病害发育特征分析

Analysis of Development Characteristics of Slope Disease in Wenchuan Earthquake Disaster Area

研究目的:汶川大地震后,震区的次生边坡病害还在不断发生,并造成了很大损失。通过对汶川震区都汶公路汶川—映秀段、宝成铁路成都—广元段及成昆铁路沿线边坡病害的调查,并对震区边坡病害类型、边坡特征以及边坡病害分布情况与规模进行分析研究,为震区防灾减灾工作提供理论指导。研究结论:(1)调查区共发现边坡病害6类97处,其中崩塌是最主要的病害,滑坡次之,坍塌第三,碎落相对较少,错落最少,落石较多但规模较小;(2)松散破碎、高度较大、坡度中等的边坡一般为潜在病害易发坡体;(3)边坡病害的破坏程度随地震效应由震中向周边逐渐减弱,即震中为边坡病害的重灾区,边坡四周病害的破坏程度逐渐减小。(4)研究成果可用于地震灾区次生边坡灾害防治。

Research purposes： The secondary hazards of the slope happen continuously after the Wenchuan earthquake and they cause big losses. In order to provide theoretical guidance for prevention and reduction of the earthquake disaster, the study was done on the slope disease type, the slope characteristics and the distribution and scale of the slope disease based on the investigation of the slope disease along the Wenchuan - Yingxiu section of the Dujiangyang - Wenchuan Highway, the Chengdu- Guangyuan section of the Baoji- Chengdu Railway and the Chengdu- Kunming Railway. Research conclusions：（ 1 ）The 97 slope diseases of six categories were found in the investigated area. Among these diseases, the slide was the serious disease, followed by the landslide and the collapse while there was a little debris and seldom scattered. The rockfall was common, but its scale was small. （2）The medium loose and broken slope at the higheraltitude was generally the potential disease - prone slope. （3） With earthquake effect, the damage degree of slope gradually weakened from the epicenter to the perimeter, it meaned the epicenter was the heavy disaster area, and the slope disease damage gradually decreased with increase of the distance to epicenter. （4） The research results can be used in preventing secondary slope disaster in earthquake disaster areas.