贵州省平坝县健康教育和改良炉灶综合防治燃煤型地方性氟中毒效果观察

Effects of health education and stove improvement in preventing coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis inPingba County of Guizhou Provinc~

目的观察贵州省平坝县健康教育和改良炉灶综合防治燃煤型地方性氟中毒（简称地氟病）的效果。方法在2006年（干预前）、2009年（干预后），选择贵州省平坝县落实健康教育和改良炉灶综合防治燃煤型地氟病措施的十字、齐伯2个乡（镇）作为现场调查点。每个乡（镇）抽取2个村，每个村抽取30名家庭户主和全部4～6年级在校学生进行地氟病防治知识问卷调查。同时入户调查抽中家庭炉灶正确使用情况和玉米、辣椒干燥情况，Dean法检测8。12岁在校学生氟斑牙患病情况。结果干预后，4—6年级学生和家庭户主地氟病防治知识知晓率分别为97．36％（405／416）、86．46％（415／480），均较干预前[32．19％（1083／3364）、43.33％（130／300）]明显提高（X2值分别为658．86、163．10，P均〈0．01）；干预后家庭炉灶正确使用率为95．42％（229／240），与干预前[45．85％（3976／8672）]比较，差异有统计学意义（X2：230．25，P〈0．01）；干预后玉米、辣椒正确干燥率分别为91．67％（110／120）、97．50％（117／120），均较干预前[20．00％（12／60）、26．67％（16／60）]明显增高（X2值分别为94．07、104．02，P均〈0．01）；干预后8～12岁在校学生氟斑牙检出率为31．21％（1305／4182），与干预前[87．71％（2856／3256）]比较，差异有统计学意义（X2=2371．91，P〈0．01）。结论贵州省平坝县健康教育和改良炉灶综合防治燃煤型地氟病的效果比较显著。

Objective To observe the effect of health education and installation of improved stove in control of coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis in Pingba County of Guizhou Province. Methods Two towns（Shizi and Qibo） of Pingba County that had implemented the health education and installed the improved stoves for control of coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis were selected as the investigation sites. Two villages in each selected town and 30 householders as well as all students of grade 4 - 6 were investigated. Questionnaires were made by survey of the fluorosis control knowledge, household investigations Were used to know the use of household stoves, corn and peppers drying method, and the dental fluorosis of children aged 8 - 12 were examined by Dean methods before the intervention（2006） and after implementation（2009） of health education and improvement of stoves. Results The awareness of fluorosis control among students and households after the intervention was 97.36% （405/416） and 86.46%（415/480）, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant（X2 = 658.86, 163.10, all P 〈 0.01 ） compared with that before the intervention [ 32.19% （1083/3364）, 43.33% （130/300） ]. Correct using rate of the household stoves was 95.42% （229/240） after the intervention and 45.85% （3976/8672） before the intervention, the difference was statistically significant（x2 = 230.25, P 〈 0.01 ）. The correct rates of drying corn and chili were 91.67% （110/120） and 97.50% （117/120） before the intervention, and 20.00% （ 12/60 ）, 26.67% （16/60） after the intervention, the difference was statistically significant（X2 = 94.07, 104.02, all P 〈 0.01 ）. The incidences of dental fluorosis of children aged 8 - 12 were 31.21%（1305/4182） after the intervention and 87.71%（2856/3256） before the intervention, the difference was statistically significant（x2 = 2371.91, P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusions The measures of health education and intervention of stove improvement in Pingba County of Guizhou Province for prevention and control of Coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis is effective.