江苏省碘缺乏病健康教育效果评价

Evaluation of a health education program on iodine deficiency disorders in Jiangsu Province

目的评价健康教育干预在碘缺乏病防治中的作用。方法于2011年1—6月。在江苏省苏州太仓市、南京溧水县、连云港灌云县、盐城响水县、淮安盱眙县、常州溧阳市、南通如东市、扬州高邮市、泰州靖江市共9个县（市）的目标人群开展碘缺乏病健康教育。在健康教育前（基线调查）和教育后（效果评价调查），分别在每个项目县（市）各抽取3个项目乡，每个项目乡各抽取1所中心小学校，每个小学校各抽取1个班级的5年级学生30名，在每所学校所在地各抽取15名育龄妇女。在健康教育前和教育后，对学生和育龄妇女进行碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率问卷调查，对调查结果进行分析，了解健康教育效果。健康教育内容包括通过电视在每个项目县播放有关地方病防治知识的科普片和公益广告，通过广播和报刊宣传报道防治地方病的知识；在乡政府、村委会所在地张贴或悬挂相关地方病防治知识的标语幅；在乡卫生院开设专题宣传栏；在村卫生所（室）张贴宣传画；对育龄妇女开展地方病防治知识培训。在小学校对4～6年级学生进行上好1节碘缺乏防治知识健康教育课，并把所学到的相关知识传递给家庭成员。结果健康教育前和教育后共调查了2678人。其中5年级学生的碘缺乏病防治知识平均知晓率（正确答题率）由健康教育前的69．04％（1920／2781）上升为健康教育后的94．08％（2622／2787，X2=580．63，P〈0．05）；育龄妇女的碘缺乏病防治知识平均知晓率（正确答题率）由健康教育前的74．76％（924／1236）上升为健康教育后的92．60％（1139／1230，X2=143．59，P〈0．05）。结论健康教育干预有效促进了学生和育龄妇女对碘缺乏病知识的了解和掌握，在防治碘缺乏病中作用显著。

Objective To evaluate the effects of a health education project on prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders. Methods From January to June 2011, an investigation was conducted using combined unified questionnaire in 9 counties on target population, and 3 townships were chosen in each project county. Health educational activities were carried out in grade 5 classes in the central primary school. In the meantime, 3 villages were chosen in each selected township where the health educational activities in the community were carried out. Before and after the health educational activities, questionnaire surveys on knowledge of iodine deficiency disorders were conducted in each project county. Thirty students in one class of grade 5 in the central primary school were selected, and 15 women of childbearing age near the central primary school were selected too. The health education content included but not limited to： popular science films about the knowledge on endemic disease prevention and public-interest ads were broadcasted by radio, television, newspapers and other media in the project counties, aiming at spreading knowledge on prevention and treatment of endemic diseases. In each of the project township government and village committee locations, posters, banner pieces and slogan suspensions about knowledge on endemic disease prevention were posted or put up. In the project rural hospitals, a special bulletin boards was set up, and in the village clinics （rooms）, posters were put up, to carry out a training program for women of childbearing age on endemic disease prevention. In primary schools, students in grades 4 to 6 were given a class about knowledge on prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders, aiming at their transferring the learned knowledge to family members. Results A total of 2678 persons were investigated before and after the health education. After health education, the rate of knowledge （the correct answer rate） on iodine deficiency disordersincreased from 69.04% （1920/2781） to 94.08% （2622/2787, X2 = 580.63, P 〈 0.05） among primary school students, and 74.76%（924/1236） to 92.60%（1139/1230, X2 = 143.59, P 〈 0.05） among women of childbearing age. Conclusions The rate of knowledge awareness in the students and the women of childbearing is increased significantly after the health educational activities. Systematic and targeted health education activities are effective measures in prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders.