近60a北方沿海城市人居环境气候舒适性评价——以辽宁省为例

Evaluation of Climate Comfortability for Human Settlement Environment in Northern Coastal Cities in Recent 60 Years—Taking Liaoning as a Case

我国北方沿海地区一直被认为是人居环境气候舒适性最佳区域之一。以辽宁沿海城市为例,利用1951—2010年气候资料,在分析区域气候变化特征的背景下,选用人体舒适度评价人居环境气候舒适性,并探讨其影响因素。结果表明:①近60 a来,该地区气候变化基本特征呈明显的升温趋势,降水、风速和相对湿度则为下降趋势,各气象要素在1960—1980年时段分别发生明显的突变;②一年中的4—10月属于感觉舒适状态,其中6—9月为最舒适月份,大连市是辽宁沿海人居环境气候舒适性最好的城市;③气温和风速是影响辽宁沿海城市气候舒适性的主要因素,R/S分析预测表明未来气温将继续升高,降水量和相对湿度及风速将延续现有的减少趋势,人体舒适度指数将继续升高,四季气候舒适性将发生改变。鉴于城市发展、气候变化和人居环境气候舒适性之间的相互作用关系,未来应当积极应对全球气候变化,并减少人类活动对气候的影响。

Urban settlement climate comfortability is human＇ s direct response of the weather condition. China＇ s northern coastal region has long been considered as one of the best living comfort climate regions. This paper evaluates the human settlement climate comfortability of Liaoning coastal cities based on the analysis of the basic climate change characteristics from 1951 to 2010, and evaluates urban human settlement climate comfortability of Liaoning coastal cities by the method of human comfort index, R/S and correlation analysis. The results showed ： 1 ） Temperature change presents a warming trend at a rate of 0.311 ℃/10 a, which is consistent with global temperature change characteristics; precipitation, wind speed and relative humidity show a downward trend, being -12. 795 ram/10 a, -0. 193 m/s/10 a and -0. 678%/10 a; the meteoro-logical elements in the period 1960 -1980 had evident mutations. 2） The settlement climate comfortability in Liaoning coastal cities is good over the past 60 years, the BCMI showed a clear up-ward trend during 1951 to 2010, which is consistent with global warming. Most people feel comfortable from April to October, and the most comfortable months are from June to September. Dalian is the city with best settlement climate comfortability in Liaoning coastal region. 3 ） The correlation analysis found that the temperature and wind speed are the most important factors affecting climate comfortability. By R/S analysis, it was found that the Hurst values of most elements were greater than 0.5, indicating that in the future temperature will continue to raise, precipitation, wind speed and relative humidity will maintain the current decreasing trend, the BCMI in Liaoning costal cities will increase too. According to interaction among urban development, climate change and habitat climate comfortability, we should respond to the global climate change actively and reduce the impact of human activities on climate.