中华刺蕨和长耳刺蕨配子体发育研究

Studies on the Development of Gametophyte of Egenolfia sinensis and Egenolfia bipinnatifida

采用光镜观察,对中华刺蕨和长耳刺蕨配子体发育进行了观察研究。结果表明:中华刺蕨和长耳刺蕨的孢子和配子体发育特征相似,孢子均两侧对称,单裂缝,孢子萌发方式为书带蕨型;配子体经丝状体、片状体发育为心形原叶体,毛状体多产生于幼原叶体生长点两侧边缘,为多细胞棒状,原叶体发育方式为槲蕨型;幼原叶体阶段即可产生精子器,而颈卵器只产生于大型心形原叶体生长点下方,性器官发育类型为薄囊蕨型,卵受精后发育成孢子体。该研究结果支持秦仁昌将刺蕨属和实蕨属独立为实蕨科的观点。

Gametophyte development of Egenolfia sinensis and E.bipinnatifida（Bolbitidaceae）were studied by the microscopy.The results indicate that both of them have similar features in spore germination and gametophyte development.The spores are bilateral,allmonolete.The spore germination pattern is the vittaria-type.The gametophyte development undergoes the filament and plate and finally forms the heart-shaped prothallus.Club-shaped,multicellular,marginal hairs are mostly found on the young prothallus towards the anterior end.The development of the prothallus is the drynaria-type.Sperms are produced in the young prothallus stage,while the archegonia are produced only in growing point under the large heart-shaped prothallus.Sex organs are the leptosporangiate-type.After fertilization,the zygotes develop into sporophyte.We discussed the phylogenetic relationship of Bolbitidacea,Dryopteridaceae and Lomariopsidaceae through comparisons of the gametophyte development.