纳米Fe-Al粉电子束改性铝合金的组织和性能

Microstructure and performance of aluminum alloys adding nanometer Fe-Al powder on the surface by electron beam modification

利用电子束扫描技术对铝合金ADC12表面进行纳米合金化处理,探讨电子束扫描技术对铝合金组织和性能的影响;通过添加不同比例的纳米Al-Fe混合粉末,分别用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、EDAX能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等设备对合金层的组织、物相构成、硬度以及摩擦磨损性能进行分析测试,确定合金化纳米混合粉的最佳配比。结果表明:电子束纳米Al-Fe合金化可以提高铝合金材料的硬度、增加耐磨性;随着混合粉中纳米Fe粉含量的增加,合金层中合金硬质强化相逐渐增多,合金化层的硬度和耐磨性也逐渐提高,硬度最高可达800 HV,但组织中会出现裂纹且均匀性不好。当混合粉中纳米Fe粉含量为50%时,合金化层的硬度和耐磨性能较好,其耐热硬度,在675 K时硬度可达到300～400 HV,其磨损量仅为铝合金基材的1/6。

Nanometer alloying processing was product on the surface of aluminum alloy ADC12 by electron beam scanning technology. The effect of electron beam scanning technology on the microstructure and property of aluminum alloy were discussed. By adding different content of nanometer A1-Fe powder, the microstructure, phases, hardness and friction and wear resistance of the alloying layer were analysis and tested by means of scanning electron microscope （ SEM ） , energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） , and the best ratio of alloying nano powder was defined separately. The results show that the hardness of aluminum alloy can be improved and abrasion resistance increases by electron beam nano A1-Fe alloying. With the increasing of the content of nanometer Fe powder in the mixed power, alloy strengthening phases are gradually increased and the hardness and abrasion resistance of the alloying layer are gradually improved. The maximum hardness can reach to 800 HV. However, cracks occur in the microstrueture and the uniformity of the microstrueture is not good. When the content of nano Fe powder in the mixed power reach to 50% , the hardness and abrasion resistance of the alloying layer are good. When the temperature is 675 K, the hardness can reach to 300 - 400 HV. The abrasion loss is only 1/6 of the aluminum alloy base material.