干细胞向女性生殖细胞分化的研究进展

Review on differentiation of female germ cells from stem cells

人类辅助生殖技术(ART)可以治疗部分女性卵巢早衰、年龄相关的卵巢功能障碍,但不能治疗生殖细胞缺乏的不孕不育。干细胞研究取得的重大进展,包括多种成体干细胞、人类胚胎干细胞、诱导多能干细胞等,对生殖医学有潜在的应用前景。卵巢中极少量具有自我更新和分化潜能的生殖干细胞,有产生新的卵母细胞的潜能,为卵巢再生、卵母细胞生成、女性不孕治疗提供了新的希望,也为研究生殖生理提供新的研究策略。本文综述干细胞向生殖细胞分化研究。

Some improvements in assisted reproductive technology（ART）especially in oocyte donation have resolved many fertility problems associated with ovarian insufficiency, premature ovarian failure, and age-associated ovarian dysfunction during the past decade. Stem cell-based replacement strategies for ovarian regeneration and oocyte production have been proposed as future clinical therapy for female infertility. Recently a paper reports isolation and characterization of endogenous oocyte-producing or oogonial stem eells（OSCs）from ovaries of reproductive age women. The paper states that they establish a stable and pure human female germ cell culture model and obtain oocyte-like cells which appear to initiate,complete meiosis and fertilization. This review examines the current landscape of gametogenesis from stem cells both in vitro and in vivo,with emphasis on generation of human oocytes.