陕西省石煤提钒行业存在的问题及对策研究

Problems and Countermeasures of Vanadium Extraction from Stone Coal Industry in Shanxi Province

陕西的石煤主要分布在陕南秦岭南坡的商洛地区,但大部分石煤钒矿属于难处理矿,钒大部分以V(Ⅲ)和V(Ⅳ)存在,目前企业大多采用"焙烧+稀酸浸出+氨法沉钒"或者"强酸浸出+氨法沉钒"工艺进行生产。存在的问题一是钒的综合回收率为65%左右,整体偏低;二是生产废水中含有大量氨使得废水闭路循环难度大;三是矿区大部分位于汉丹江水系的中上游地区或临近出省断面,选址较为敏感。针对以上存在的问题提出了解决建议,并对陕西省石煤提钒行业的发展做出了展望。

The stone coal in Shaanxi Province is mainly distributed in Shangluo area on the southern slope of Qinling Mountains. Because of the presence of trivalent and tetravalent vanadium, most of the stone coal vanadium mines belong to refrac- tory ore. Most of the enterprises use ＂roasting ＋ acid leaching ＋ ammonia vanadium settlement＂ or ＂concentrated acid leaching ＋ ammonia vanadium settlement＂ process for production. Problems of these methods include the comprehensive vanadium recov- ery was on a low level of about 65%. The wastewater contains a large number of ammonia, making it difficult to realize wastewater closed - loop recycling. The mining areas mostly located in the upstream of Han and Dan River, which are on the cross - provin- cial borders, and therefore site selection is more sensitive. Solutions for the above problems and development prospects of this in- dustry were proposed.