一种鱼类急性毒性监测工业废水新方法研究

Industrial Sewage Acute Toxicity Monitoring Method with Fish

文章通过制药、化工、印染、冶炼等行业中不同企业的废水对红鼻子剪刀(Hemigrammus rhodostomuso)、红绿灯鱼(Paracherirodom innesi)、斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)的急性毒性实验,分析了该行业废水对这3种小型观赏鱼的剂量效应和时间效应。针对现有监测方法操作复杂、误差大等缺点和不足,提出一种以时间效应为毒性分级标准的更为快速准确的新监测方法,即以时间为区间变量,用多种小型组合鱼在污染源废水原液中的半致死时间判定其生物毒性的监测方法。新方法规定半数致死时间LT50<8 h为剧毒;LT50在8～24 h为高毒;LT50在24～72 h为中毒;LT50在72～96 h为低毒;96 h受试鱼出现死亡但未达到半数致死为微毒;96 h没有出现死亡为无急性毒性。

This research analyzed the quantity effects and time effects of different types of sewage to different fishes, including hemigrammus rhodostomuso, paracherirodom innesi and brachydanio rerio. The sewage comes from pharmacy industry, chemistry industry, printing plants, metal - smelting plants and so on. Traditional approaches always cost a longer time for toxicity monito- ring and increases the chances of error at the same time. This research introduces a new approach, during which researchers make different species of aquarium fish live in original source water to get the median lethal time（ LT50 ）and then determine the biologi- cal toxicity of sewage. Compared with former approach, this one is faster and more reliable. The standard is taken as the follow- ing ： LT50 〈 8 h is the most highly acute toxicity ; 8 h 〈 LT50 〈 24 h is highly acute toxicity; 24 h 〈 LT50 〈 72 h is medium acute tox- icity ; 72 h 〈 LT50 〈 96 h is low acute toxicity; if less than half of the tested fishes die, then the result is considered as slight acute toxicity; if none of the tested fishes die in the tested 96 hours, then the result is considered as no acute toxicity.