性别失衡背景下农民工心理失范的性别差异研究

Gender Differences in Anomia among China’s Rural Migrant Workers in the Context of Gender Imbalance

本文从角色视角,利用调查数据,分析性别失衡背景下农民工心理失范的性别差异及其机制。研究发现,性别、婚姻状况和与"养家糊口"相关的社会角色及特征对农民工的心理失范具有显著影响,其中,男性的心理失范程度要比女性严重,婚姻状态对农民工的心理失范影响没有性别差异,与"养家糊口"相关的社会角色及特征对农民工心理失范的影响存在性别差异。研究进一步发展了暴露差异理论与脆弱性差异理论,认为社会角色与性别角色变迁的不一致导致了角色紧张的出现,从而导致心理失范及其影响因素的性别差异。

Most research findings regarding anomia agree that women in the Western society have higher levels of anomia than men. The social role theory has often been employed to explain the gender differences in psychological states, arguing that women＇s poorer psychological wellbeing is primarily due to their segregated family roles that give little return values, and even if they participate in the sphere outside family, their public roles often involve conflict and tension with their family roles. Such a conclusion is derived from the research in Western industrialized settings. However, contemporary Chinese society is undergoing two major structural changes., gender imbalance and population migration, which may alter not only the social roles occupied by men and women but also their relative power in family. In such a social context, the current paper aims to explore whether there exist gender differences in anomia among rural migrant workers, and if there are, their determinant factors. The data for this study come from the ＂Rural-Urban Migrants Study in District Y, X City, Fujian＂ in 2009. The sample surveyed were rural-urban migrants aged 16 years and older with agricultural hukou who had migrated to X City to work. In order to improve the representativeness of the sample, a loose quota sampling method was adopted, and the final sample had 1,507 participants. Multivariate linear regression analysis of the data has produced the following findings about the rural migrant workers： First, men have higher levels of anomia than women. Second, the unmarried have a higher level of anomia than the married, with the older unmarried being worse, but there is no gender difference in the influence of marital status on anomia. Third, education, career, migration time, employment and other instrumental social roles and characteristics related to supporting family have a significant influence on anomia only among men. Fourth, resource-oriented social participation has a significant influence on anomia only among men, but emotion-oriented social participation has a significant influence on anomia only among women. Fifth, chronic diseases have a significant influence on anomia only among men.