“捆绑式发展”与“隐喻型政治” 对汶川地震灾区平坝羌寨的案例研究

Binding Development and Metaphorical Politics:A Case Study of Pingba Qiang Village in Wenchuan Earthquake-Stricken Area

笔者对汶川地震灾区平坝羌寨旅游开发与重建过程进行实地考察,把由政府主导"现代化工程"的社会发展样式称为"捆绑式发展"。在这种发展模式的运作过程中,当地社会发生了一系列权力与话语博弈事件,国家主流意识形态中的"发展话语"被村民巧妙地操作化运用,演绎出某种较新的草根政治"版本",这种现象本文称之为"隐喻型政治"。"捆绑式发展"与"隐喻型政治"之间存在诸多值得关注的联系,透过这种联系,可以从某个视角窥探到中国基层政治形态的一些微妙演化和值得关注的新动向。

Through the field study of the tourism development and post-disaster reconstruction process in Pingba Qiang village in Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, the current paper suggests that the social developmental style there is essentially ＂modern engineering＂ led hy the government, which can he summarized as ＂binding development＂ that reflects some basic characteristics of the ＂China Model＂. In the operating process of this developmental style, a series of events of power and discourse games occur in local society, and the relationships between different types of participants, especially those between the grass-roots government and the people, undergo dramatic changes. The ＂development discourse＂ in the national mainstream ideology, while being utilized in clever operations, is transformed into capital for grassroots political games, producing a relatively new ＂version＂ of grassroots politics. This phenomenon is labeled ＂metaphorical politics＂. There are many notable relations between binding development and metaphorical politics. As the macro political system＇s derivatives in China, the former and its inherent characteristics provide a prerequisite condition for the emergence of the latter. At the same time, the latter reacts to the former through its unique operational logic, and furthermore, to some degree, has a ＂deconstructing＂ effect on it. Through these relations, wecan detect some subtle changes and new noticeable trends of the grassroots political form in China. With people＇s enhanced awareness of their rights, bettered conceptualization of independence, and refined political protest strategies, China＇ s rural political power relations are facing the possibility of new reconstruction, and binding development will encounter more challenges. Of course, the future prospects of these changes are still hard to be accurately predicted because they are closely related to the direction of China＇s macro political reform.