再论“主体民族志”:民族志范式的转换及其“自明性基础”的探求

Revisiting "Subjective Ethnography":The Paradigm Shift of Ethnography and the Inquiry on Its "Self-Evident Basis"

民族志的出现已经有了近100年的历史,但其"自明性基础"并未真正确立。20世纪20年代最先出现的民族志因追问"异文化是什么"而成为本体论意义上的科学民族志范式,但这种追问因"描述异文化悖论"而出现"表述危机";20世纪70年代以后出现的民族志因追问"异文化是怎样被认识的"而成为认识论(知识论)意义上的后现代民族志范式,但这种追问因缺乏人类整体目光而不能克服"反思本文化悖论"。提出"主体民族志"的概念具有探索意义,它以人类前途的终极关怀为目的,因而是目的论意义上的民族志范式。主体民族志试图探索民族志在全球化背景下的"自明性基础",这种探索将人类学还原为真正"研究人类的学问",将民族志还原为真正的"人类志"。

It has been almost one hundred years since the emergence of ethnography, its ' self-evident' basis,however,has never been fully established.The earliest ethnographies produced in the 1920s became the ontological paradigm of scientific ethnography for its inquiry into 'the nature of other culture'.Nevertheless,it suffered from 'the crisis of representation' because of 'the paradox in its descriptions of other culture'. The ethnographies appeared after the 1970s became the epistemological paradigm of postmodern ethnography.Yet due to the lack of the comprehensive perspective it has to deal with the paradox in its reflections upon the culture of one's own.To propose the concept of subjective ethnography' has its explanatory significance.It serves for the ultimate concern on the future of mankind.Therefore,it can become the teleological paradigm of ethnography.Subjective ethnography seeks to explore the ' self-evident basis ' of ethnography in the context of globalization.It will reinstate anthropology as 'the study of humankind' and ethnography as the 'anthrography'.