城墙内的商业景观：明清西北城镇市场形态及城镇格局的演变

The Scenes of the Commercial Life Surrounded by the City-Walls:The Forms of Cities and Towns in Northwest China in the Ming and Qing Dynasty and the Evolution of Their Structure

中国传统时期多数城镇都有城墙建筑,城墙对城镇的功能分区影响至关重要。明清西北地区处于中国的边疆地带,多民族格局下的城镇发展模式更有别于其他地区。市场是城镇经济的总体现,明清西北地区城镇市场分区受城墙的制约,多数城镇的市场与城墙发展相始终。关城由于方便出入,大多形成较集中的集散市场;市场发展也会带来城镇形态的改变,与城镇功能在空间上分异。这些经济现象与城墙形态都有着极紧密的联系。在发展模式上,与华北、江南等区域极不一致。因此,加强西北地区城镇形态研究,对于我们进一步把握中国城镇发展特性有重要意义。

In the traditional China,many cities and towns had city-walls which mean an important boundary for the function of cities and towns.It is well known that Northwest China in the Ming and Qing dynasty was the frontier areas,and the development of the cities and towns in those areas was different from other areas of China.For those areas,owing to the distribution of cities and towns markets which stand for the overall economy show of cities and towns is limited by the city-walls,the development of the cities and towns is accompanied with the city-walls.Because it is easy to pass in and out,'guan cheng'(关城) became the important collecting and distributing markets.The development of the markets also led to the change of the forms of cities and towns.In a word,the economy development of cities and towns is correlative with the form of city-walls.It is significant to deeply study the forms of cities and towns in Northwest China,for it may help to understand the characteristics of Chinese cities and towns.