清至民国时期归绥城市绿地研究

The urban green spaces in Guisui City from the Qing Dynasty to the ROC period

在清代和民国时期不同的社会历史环境和植树造林观念影响下,归绥城市绿地呈现出不同的规模、类型及功能。清代,由于汉族移民在内蒙古地区的寄民身份及其对所种土地没有所有权,造成归绥城的绿地建设只有少数官员或个人参与,所建绿地多为少数人所享用的花园。与清代形成对照,民国时期由于居民寄民身份的改变,以及政府的大力宣传、组织,全民参与植树,且共享其成果,归绥城市绿地因此获得较为快速的发展,逐渐形成了由花园、公园、林地、林场、苗圃、行道树及沿河绿带等构成的绿色环境体系。尽管民国时期归绥城的城市绿地建设更多地关注防风、防尘、防水等功能,绿地景观的多样性低,建设水平处于较低层次,布局也不均匀。但是,不可否认,它对归绥城的生态环境和空间景观产生了一定的优化作用,也在一定程度上改变了归绥城以往荒寒的城市形象。

From the Qing Dynasty to the ROC period, under the influence of different social historical environ ments and different ideas of afforestation, the green spaces in Guisui City presnented different looks. In the ROC period, Guisui City was seen the appearance of a green environmental system comprised of gardens, parks, woodlands, forest farms, nurseries, street trees, and green belts along the moat. Such a system optimized the ec ological environment and spatial morphology of the city. Meanwhile, it changed the stereotype of a desolate northern frontier city in many people mind.