清代河南盐渍化土地改良及利用探析

Improvement and utilization of saline and alkaline land in Henan province during Qing Dynasty

土地盐渍化是清代河南农业生产的重要环境制约因素。面对困境,河南官民总结了丰富的改良和利用经验,他们在治黄的过程中兼顾土壤治理,并通过改进耕作方式和灌溉技术以达到脱碱、淋盐的目的。在生产实践中,河南农民调整种植结构,因地制宜发展粮、菜、棉和林业生产,结合抗逆作物种植,使不少盐渍化土地得到改良和利用。政府则从政策角度鼓励开垦盐渍化荒地,"折亩"或直接豁除赋税以提高百姓开垦的积极性。官民结合、技术与政策结合,使清代河南土壤改良和利用取得一定成果,其思路和方式仍有现实意义。

During Qing Dynasty, the saline and alkaline land affected seriously the development of agriculture in Henan province. By analyzing the historical records, such conclusions can be drawn： Local officials and people improved the saline and alkaline land by controlling the Yellow River, improving the cultivating and irrigating technics. Meanwhile, farmers adjusted planting structure to grow grain, vegetable, cotton, trees and alkali -tolerant plants according to local conditions. The local governments encouraged farmers to reclaim saline and alkaline land by reducing or remitting taxation. In general, the soil improvement in Henan province got fairly good achievement, and the means and mentality are of far - reaching historical significance and momentous current significance.