北京山区采石场边坡植被恢复动态研究

Dynamic research on vegetation recovering in abandoned mine slopes in Beijing mountainous areas

以周口店黄院采石场为研究区域,采用空间代替时间的观测方法,研究不同时间梯度植被群落恢复过程和土壤养分异质性变化,以期为矿山废弃地植被恢复和重建提供可借鉴的理论依据。结果表明:随着植被恢复年限的增加,群落物种更替频繁,灌木和乔木物种出现后,群落整体层次性增强;随着演替的正向进行,各时间梯度恢复植被与最终演替物种组成的相似性指数提高;从极度退化生态系统向平衡生态系统演变过程中,草本层和灌木层的丰富度指数R、Simpson多样性指数D、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H和Pielou均匀度指数J表现出数值先变大后变小的规律,受矿山废弃地困难立地的影响,乔木层物种数量和个体数目增长不明显;ANOVA方差分析和LSD最小显著差异统计方法研究显示,不同演替阶段导致土壤养分(有机质、全氮、速效钾)的差异性显著(P<0.01),除有效磷外,其他养分含量均随植被正向演替而增加。

In order to supply theoretical ha.sis for vegetation recovering and reconstruction in abandoned mines, this study analyzed the vegetation recovering procedures and soil nutrient heterogeneity by the approaches of ＂ space instead of time ＂ in Huangyuan, Zhoukoudian, Beijing. The results indicated that the species replace took more frequency with the increasing of vegetation recovering periods. The hierarchy was more obvious after shrub and trees came out. The similarity coefficient of each recovering gradient and the final succession period improved with the positive succession. Richness index, Simpson Diversity index, Shannon - Wiener diversity index and Pielou homogeneous index of grasses and shrubs showed the trend of increased firstly and then decreased from heavily degraded ecosystem to balance ecosystem. While the species and individuals raised a httle because of the hard corlditions in abandoned mines. ANOVA and LSD analysis suggested that the soil nutrients including organic matter , total nitrogen, rapidly available potassium were different remarkably in different succession periods, The soil nutrient contents except available phosphate increased with the positive succession.