半干旱区草地土壤动物多样性的季节变化及其与温湿度的关系

Seasonal changes of soil faunal diversity and its relation to temperature and moisture in semi-arid grassland,North China

在中国科学院奈曼沙漠化研究站附近选择不同程度封育草地为研究样地,通过调查不同季节降雨、温度、土壤温度和水分以及土壤动物特征,分析了土壤动物季节变化及其对降雨和温度的响应特征。结果表明:研究样地共获得土壤动物11目13个类群,螨类和鞘翅目幼虫为优势类群,存在于3个季节中;常见类群随季节变化发生更替。夏季大型土壤动物个体数多,种类丰富,多样性较高,而春季和秋季均较低。中小型土壤动物密度表现为春季>夏季>秋季,Shannon指数和均匀度指数表现为夏季较高,而春季和秋季均较低。相关分析表明,土壤含水量季节变化是影响大型土壤动物群落个体数季节分布的主要因素,而中小型土壤动物个体数、类群数、Shannon指数和均匀度指数与土壤含水量和温度间均无显著相关关系(P>0.05)。说明夏季"雨热同季"对大型土壤动物多样性影响较大,而对中小型土壤动物多样性影响相对较小。

Taking the exclosure grassland to some extent of Naiman Desertification Research Station,CAS as a base,an investigation of rainfall,temperature,soil water content and temperature with soil faunal communities was carried out.The seasonal changes of soil faunal diversity and it＇s response to the rainfall and temperature were discussed.Totally,there were 13 groups and 11 orders captured with mites and beetle larvae as dominant groups,which camp up from spring through summer to autumn;While the common groups took turns with changing season.The density,richness and diversity of soil macrofaunal community were higher in summer than in spring and autumn.While for the soil mesofaunal community,the density was higher at the order of springsummerautumn,and the Shannon index and evenness index were higher in summer.It was suggested that there was a remarkable influence of summer temperature and rainfall on soil macrofaunal community,but not on soil mesofaunal community.