人居环境演变研究进展

Research progress on human settlement evolution

人居环境作为人类栖息地,随着人类活动影响范围和强度的增加,人居环境问题越来越突出,人居环境演变过程也成为学术界关注的热点。本文梳理了近20年来关于人居环境演变的相关研究理论与方法,从人居环境演变趋势的影响因素分析、演变机制探析和研究方法等方面评述了国内外的研究动向。总体而言,人居环境研究呈现出多学科交叉、集成研究的特点,在数据获取、演变过程的研究上更多地采用了现代化技术和模拟分析方法,但学术界对人居环境的内涵、演变机制解析等仍然存在着分歧。与国外研究相比,中国人居环境研究起步较晚,研究内容限于人居环境评价,对人居环境演变机理涉及较少,且研究数据和方法较为单一。最后本文对未来研究进行了展望。

Human settlement is a general term used for a temporary or permanent living space of human beings. It is also the place where human activities have most severe effects on the natural environment, hence the focus of academic studies. In this article we reviewed the development of human settlement research and summarized theories and methods on human settlement evolution at home and abroad. We discussed the research progress on data platform monitoring the dynamic changes, indicator system evaluating evolutional trends, key influence fac- tors and mechanisms, and integrated simulation models. Generally speaking, the concept, content, influence fac- tors, and evolutional mechanisms have not been clearly understood yet. Overseas researches are using modem geographic approaches and modeling methods to generate insights into the dynamic changes of human settle- ments. They also introduced integrated researches from geography, urban planning, sociology and ecology into the mechanism studies. However, the focus of Chinese researches is mainly the evaluation of human settlement; there is little research on the evolutional mechanism of human settlement. We suggested that more inter-disci- pline collaborations, integrated databases, modem analytical approaches, and modeling methods are needed in this research realm. We pointed out that the regions undergoing rapid urbanization in China are experiencing drastic environmental and social changes and are worth studying.