陇东旱塬区降雨量演变与冬小麦产量和生长发育变化关系的探讨

Relationship between rainfall variation with yield and growth of winter wheat in Loess Plateau of east Gansu Province

分析农业部西北旱作营养与施肥科学观测站27年的降雨量演变资料,探讨这种演变过程对冬小麦产量及其它相关性状的影响。结果表明:陇东地区降雨分布与小麦生长期需水错位,随着气候变化,这种错位持续加深。降雨量演变对冬小麦品种的性状产生了不同方向的影响,有效穗数与最高茎数趋于减少、株高降低;穗粒数、千粒重趋于增加;出苗期推迟,抽穗期提前,快速生长、发育阶段和全生育期明显缩短。同时,降雨对陇东旱塬小麦产量的关键限制时期逐步从小麦营养生长前期向生殖生长期推移。

Based on the data of rainfall in 27 years at Northwest Scientific Observation Station of Nutrition and Fertilizer on Dry Farming,Ministry of Agriculture,the relationship between rainfall variation with yield and growth traits of winter wheat was investigated.The results showed that there was a contradiction between rainfall distribution and water requirement of wheat,and the contradiction tended to be intensified along with the climatic changes.The variation of rainfall affected the growth traits of winter wheat in different ways： the highest number of stems,effective spikes and plant height tended decrease;the grain number per spike and 1000 kernel weight tended to increase;the emergence date was delayed but the heading date was advanced,so the reproductive period and whole growth period became shortened.Moreover,the sensitive period of wheat yield affected by rainfall was gradually transferred from early vegetative growth stage to reproductive growth stage in Loess Plateau of east Gansu Province.