用于质子交换膜的高质子传导率聚合物研究进展

Development of Highly Proton-conductive Polymers for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

质子传导率超过Nafion膜的质子交换膜是近年来研究的焦点。质子交换膜的质子传导率与它们的IEC值和形态有关。形成离子通道是开发高质子传导率的质子交换膜的一种有效方法。形成离子通道主要有3种:1)用嵌段共聚物的微相分离;2)侧链和支链磺化的聚合物;3)局部区域的高密集磺化。此外,与无机纳米材料形成纳米复合材料的质子交换膜也能提高质子交换膜的质子传导率及质子交换膜的机械强度、尺寸稳定性、耐氧化稳定性等性能。综述了关于用于高质子传导率的燃料电池质子交换膜(PEM)的聚合物的研究进展。对高质子传导率的燃料电池膜聚合物的发展趋势进行了展望。

The proton exchange membranes（PEMs） presenting proton conductivities exceeding that of Nafion membrane were especially focused on in recent years.The proton conductivities of PEMs have been correlated to their ion exchange values and morphological phase separation.Formation of ionic channels is an effective approach to develop highly proton-conductive PEMs.There are three ways to the formation of ionic channels： 1） development of microphase-separation with block copolymers,2） side-chain and grafted sulfonated polymers,and 3） locally and densely sulfonated polymers.Formation of nanocomposites of PEMs with nanofillers has also shown great ability to increase the proton conductivities of the existed PEMs.Besides proton conductivities,the formation of nanocomposites also improves some PEM properties including mechanical strength,dimensional stability and oxidative stability.The recent development of polymers for highly proton-conductive membrane was reviewed in this paper,and the future of these materials were also proposed.