智利小规模金属采矿(SSM)业对环境影响与运营方式

Impact of Small-Scale Metallic Mining (SSM) in Chile on Environment and its Operational Mode

智利小规模采选业因分布分散且缺乏相应的环保技术与资金投入,其对环境造成了一定的影响。在智利法律系统监管和支持下,该小规模采选业得到有序发展。同时,小规模金属采选业与智利法律规定的大中型矿产开发项目须完成试验性工业开采(即小规模开发实验)存在一定联系。本文通过调查智利中北部第三、第四和第六区小型开采规模的铜、金和银矿山,分析其生产经营过程中对环境的潜在影响因素,剖析小规模金属选场对智利环境带来的影响,总结金属矿小规模采选业的规范性运营方式,找出法律规定与产业运营的内在联系。建议我国企业在智利进行矿产勘探和可行性研究中重视小规模采选试验与规模性勘查工作的合理有序结合。

In the past time, the small-scale metallic mines in Chile were scattered and lacked technology and funds for environment protection, thus have produced some impact on the environment. But now, under the supervision and support of the Chilean legal system, these mines have developed or-derly, which are associated with the Chilean law provisions that specify large and medium development projects must complete trial industrial mining in ad-vance. This paper presents investigation to small mines of Cu, Au and Ag in the Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅵ areas of central and northern Chile, and analysis of their potential impact on the environment. It also summarizes operational modes of small-scale metallic mines, and reveals inner relationship between legal spec- ifications and industrial operation. We suggest that the Chinese enterprises should pay attention to combination of small-scale trial mining and large-scale surveys in mineral exploration in Chile and relevant research of feasibility.