以环保组织化解环境群体冲突:优势、途径与建议

Using Environmental Organizations to Resolve Environmental Conflicts: Advantages,Approaches and Suggestions

当前环境冲突日益激化存在着多重原因,例如缺乏利益协商、行政和法律渠道不畅通、缺乏纠纷协调者等。而环保组织具有与政府合作良好的沟通、专业性、客观和理性等优势,能够在化解环境冲突中发挥重要作用。环保组织化解环境冲突的途径包括环境影响评价、公益诉讼、环境纠纷协调会议以及介入群体性冲突。然而,当前环保组织在化解环境冲突方面的作用仍存在着诸多限制,政府和环保组织都应采取措施,形成多元协作治理机制,降低环境群体性发生的机率。

There are multiple institutional reasons for the intensification of environmental conflicts in current situation, such as lack of interests negotiation, invalid administrative and judicial approaches and lack of coordinator for conflicts solution mechanism. Environmental organizations have advantages as high communication capacity, professionalization, objec- tive and rationality, which could facilitate them to play an important role in environmental conflicts resolution. The approaches of environmental organization include taking part in environmental impact assessment, public interest liti- gation, taking charge of environmental disputes coordination meetings as well as involving in the group conflicts. However, the role of environmental organizations is still facing many constraints. Government and environmental or- ganizations should take measures to improve the capacity and role of environmental organizations and establish collabo- rative governance to reduce the probability of occurrence of group events.