肉鸡饲养加工过程中沙门菌污染环节的探讨与分析

Monitoring and analyzing of Salmonella contamination in broiler breeding and processing

目的探讨开封市肉鸡从孵化、养殖,到屠宰、加工、运输和销售各环节样品沙门菌污染状况。方法采集2012年4个季度开封地区种鸡养殖场、肉鸡孵化场、养殖场、屠宰场和大型超市中土壤、饲料、鸡粪、鸡肉、屠宰工具、工人手等18个环节共802份样品。按照GB 4789.4—2010进行沙门菌鉴定和血清学分型,用SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果脱毛池水中沙门菌检出率最高为75%,其次成鸡粪便、鸡肉、刀具案板、肛拭子中沙门菌检出率分别为58.3%、49.4%、33.3%、5.6%,鸡胚和运输车辆中未检出沙门菌。本研究共检出6个血清型,以肠炎沙门菌和印第安纳沙门菌检出率最高;第二季度沙门菌菌型数最多。结论鸡肉屠宰加工过程使沙门菌污染扩大,脱毛机及脱毛池水是沙门菌交叉污染的关键点,不同季节的检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

Objective To monitor the Salmonella contamination in the whole process of hatching, cultivation, slaughtering,processing, distribution and retail, and to analyze and assess the correlation between Salmonella and serotypes. Methods 802 samples from 18 segments, including soil, feces, chicken, slaughtering facility and the worker＇s hands, were collected from breeding farm, broiler hatchery, slaughterhouse and supermarket. All samples were tested according to GB 4789. 4 -2010 and the data were statistically analyzed with SPSS 17.0 software. Results The positive rate of Salmonella was 75% in the pool used for depilation, while it was 58. 3% , 49. 4% , 33.3% , 5.6% in feces, chicken, cutting tool and anal swab, respectively. The detection rate for chicken embryo and transport vehicles was 0. Six serotypes were detected, with the highest detection rate in Salmonella Enteritidis and Indiara SalmoreUa the second quarter had the most diverse serotypes. Conclusion The slaughtering and processing made Salmonella spread and the machine and pool used for depilation was the key of cross contamination. The positive rate had no significant difference （P 〉0. 05） between seasons.