市场规模、交易成本与垂直专业化分工——来自中国工业行业的证据

Market Size,Transaction Cost and Vertical Specialization:the Evidence from China's Industrial Sector

本文考察了中国工业行业的垂直专业化分工状况及演变规律,并系统分析了影响企业垂直专业化水平的核心因素。研究发现:市场规模决定企业的垂直专业化水平,市场规模越大,企业的垂直专业化程度越高。并且,降低市场交易费用和行业进入成本有助于增加企业的外购中间品比例,进而提升企业的垂直专业化分工程度。从实证估计结果来看,相比市场规模扩张的影响,市场化改革所带来的交易成本的下降更能促进企业的垂直专业化分工。此外,企业的垂直专业化程度与产业周期之间呈倒"U"型关系。基于理论和实证研究结论,我们提出了继续坚持市场化改革和扩大对外开放的政策建议。

This paper explores the vertical specialization status and its evolution of China＇s manufacturing indus try, and systematically analyzes the core determinants of firms＇ vertical specialization. The results show that market size determines firms＇ vertical specialization. Firms are usually more specialized when market size is lar ger. Low market transaction cost and industry entry cost is conductive to the increase in firms＇ purchased input share, thus increasing firms＇ vertical specialization. Meanwhile, the empirical results show that compared to the expansion of market size, the decline in transaction cost brought by market reform has more significant effect on the increase of vertical specialization. There＇s an inverted ＂U＂ shape relationship between firms＇ vertical spe cialization and industry lifecycle. Based on theoretical and empirical research, we propose the policy sugges tions of adhering to market reform and opening wider to the outside world.