小五台山不同林分类型林地水文效应及涵养水源生态功能价值估算

Woodland Hydrological Effects of Different Forest Types and Its Ecological Function Value Evaluation of Water Resources Conservation in Xiaowutai Mountain,Hebei

为了探索小五台山不同林分类型林地涵养水源机制、生态功能价值量大小,通过对枯落物层和土壤层的野外调查和室内试验,笔者分析了小五台山7种主要林分类型林地水文效应,采用影子价格法估算了7种林分类型林地涵养水源的生态功能价值。结果表明:不同林分类型枯落物最大持水量变化范围为119.46～293.62t/hm2,最大持水量与枯落物储量变化顺序基本一致;土壤层最大持水量变化范围为3463.05～3941.05t/hm2。其中,落叶松×白桦混交林持水量(3941.05t/hm2)最大,是油松纯林的的1.14倍;综合枯落物层和土壤层,小五台山7种林分类型林地蓄水能力顺序为:落叶松×白桦混交林>落叶松×云杉×白桦混交林>白桦×云杉混交林>亚高山草甸>白桦纯林>落叶松纯林>油松纯林,且在枯落物层和土壤层的蓄水过程中,土壤层的贡献率最大,在92%以上;通过影子价格法,估算出小五台山林地平均涵养水源价值量为14465.86元/hm2,整个河北小五台山约31583.3万元,其中落叶松×白桦混交林涵养水源价值量最大,为15377.53元/hm2,是油松纯林1.16倍。

In order to explore the woodland water resources conservation mechanism and the ecological function value of different forest types in Xiaowutai Mountain,through the field investigation and indoor experiment,the author measured the woodland hydrological effects of 7 types of forests in Xiaowutai Mountain,and used the shadow pricing method to evaluate their ecological function value of water resources conservation.The results showed that：1） the variation range of maximum water holding capacity（MWHC） of litter was 119.46-293.62 t/hm 2,MWHC and cumulated mass（CM） showed a same gradation.2） The variation range of MWHC of soil horizon was 3463.05-3941.05 t/hm 2,MWHC of mixed Larix olgensis-Betula platyphylla forest was maximum（3941.05 t/hm 2）,it was approximately 1.41 times of Pinus tabulaeformis forest.3） Through comprehensive analysis of MWHC of litter layer and soil horizon,it concluded that quantity gradation of 7 types of forests was：Larix olgensis-Betula platyphylla mixed forest Larix olgensis-Picea meyeri-Betula platyphylla mixed forest Betula platyphylla-Picea meyeri mixed forest Subalpine meadow Betula platyphylla forest Larix olgensis forest Pinus tabulaeformis forest,and soil horizon had maximal contribution which MWHC occupied more than 92% of total storage.4） Through the medium of shadow pricing method,quantity of water resources conservation ecologically functional value of woodland in Xiaowutai Mountain was about 14465.86 yuan/hm 2,totally was 315.83 million yuan,value of water resources conservation of mixed Larix olgensis-Betula platyphylla forest was maximum（15377.53 yuan/hm 2）,it was approximately 1.61 times of Pinus tabulaeformis forest.