长期施肥对不同有机质含量农田黑土土壤酶活性及土壤肥力的影响

Effects of Long-term Fertilization on Enzyme Activities and Soil Fertility for Black Farmlands Under Different Soil Matter Levels

旨在研究长期施肥对不同有机质含量农田黑土酶活性及土壤肥力的影响。本研究利用中国科学院海伦生态实验站黑土空间移位长期定位试验5种不同有机质含量的农田黑土,采用常规分析法测定并分析了土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、蛋白酶、蔗糖酶的活性及土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷含量。结果表明,化肥的施用可不同程度提高农田黑土的养分含量及土壤酶的活性,提高顺序是北安(SOM11)>嫩江(SOM6)>海伦(SOM5)>德惠(SOM3)>梨树(SOM1.7),北安黑土与其他4种土壤之间达到了差异显著水平(P<0.05)。相关分析结果显示:土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、蛋白酶、蔗糖酶与土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮显著相关,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶可以反映不同有机质含量农田黑土长期施肥后土壤质量变化趋势。

The research investigated the effects of long-term fertilization on soil enzyme activities and soil fertility for the black farmlands under different soil organic matter levels. This study used the conventional analysis methods to test and analyze the activity of soil urease, phosphatase, invertase, protease and the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen, available phosphorus in five black farmlands soil with different soil matter content of soil spatial shift long-term experiments in National Observation Station of Hailun Agro-ecology System. The results showed that, the application of chemical fertilizers could increase the nutrient content in different degree and soil enzyme activities of black soil. The order of the raise was BeFan （SOM11） 〉Nenjiang （SOM6） 〉Helen （SOMS） 〉Dehui （SOM3） 〉 Lishu （SOM1.7）. Compared to other four soils, Bei^an （SOMll） reached significant difference level（P〈0.05）. The results of correlation analysis showed that soil urease, phosphatase, protease, invertase and soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen were significantly related, soil urease, invertase could reflect the quality change trend of the soil under different organic matter levels after long-term fertilization.