汉代关中地区聚落形态及其政治经济景观

Settlement Pattern and Political-Economic Overview of Guanzhong Region in Han Dynasty

关中地区是我国文明发祥最早的地区之一。两汉时期关中地区密布城邑及较大聚落,城是民众的普遍居住形态。到东汉末,由于屯田、豪族势力扩张、战乱、胡人内徙等原因,城郭急剧减少,人口或向较大城市集中,或在郊野过起了村落生活。从聚落空间分布看,汉代关中的中心聚落与其周围聚落群在政治、经济等方面形成了较密切的主从关系,并构成一个相对独立的、动态的网状系统,构成汉王朝自上而下的统治体系。这种聚落形态直观地反映了两汉社会的政治景观和经济景观的体系构成。

Guanzhong region is one of cradles of Chinese civilization. There existed dense cities and large settlements in Guanzhong of Han Dynasty; cities were the popular residential morphology for common people. But due to the wasteland reclamation, local nobility＇ s expansion, war and Hu people migration etc. , the small cities drastically shrinked, population concentrated to a larger city, or distributed to the country, to the late of Eastern Han Dynasty. From the prospective of settlements distribution in Guanzhong region, central settlements and surrounding settlement cluster formed closed principal and subordinated relationship in the political, economic and other aspects, constituted a relatively independ- ent and dynamic network, composed a top - down hierarchy of Han Dynasty. This settlement pattern di- rectly reflected the composition of the social political - economic overview in Han Dynasty.