两种人类中心主义的对话——对《老人与海》的新生态解读

The Dialogue between Two Types of Anthropocentrism: A New Ecological Interpretation of The Old Man and the Sea

人类中心主义是一种一切以人为中心,以人的利益为唯一尺度的文化观念。在生态批评视野下,海明威的小说《老人与海》中正蕴含人类中心主义自然观,而且是两种不同的人类中心主义。主人公圣地亚哥所持的是传统人类中心主义自然观,把人类当作一切价值判断的依据,无视自然的内在价值,企图征服自然、控制自然,目的是为了满足自己不断膨胀的欲望。而海明威本人,则信仰现代人类中心主义。他能够认识并承认自然的内在价值,反对征服和奴役自然,提倡有节制、有理性地开发和利用自然,以谋求人与自然的和谐。通过这两种人类中心主义的对话,《老人与海》号召读者摒弃传统的人类中心主义,采纳现代人类中心主义,对解决当前的生态危机也有着积极意义。

Anthropocentrism is a cultural concept which is human-centered and human- benefit-oriented. There are two different types of anthropocentrism in Ernest Hemingway＇ s The Old Man and the Sea. The protagonist Santiago is influenced by traditional anthropocentrism, and he treats human as the only criterion of value judgment. He is ignorant of nature＇s intrinsic value, and he attempts to conquer and control nature. The writer Hemingway, however, believes in modern anthropocentrism and seeks for perfect harmony between human and nature. He recognizes and respects nature＇s intrinsic value, objects to conquering nature, and advocates abstinent and proper use of natural resources. Through the dialogue between these two types of anthropocentrism, The Old Man and the Sea calls on readers to kick away traditional anthropocentrism and to adopt the modern type. It is of significance in easing and solving the current ecological crisis.