清末民国教科书中的“出版自由”概念考论

The Concept "Freedom of the Press" in Textbooks during the Period of the Late Qing Dynasty and Republic of China:in the View of Conceptual History

"出版自由"概念表达了公民的基本权利。结合清末及民国时期的历史语境,考察这一概念在清末及民国中小学教科书中呈现及表述的情况,可以发现在政治、法制、修身、公民等类教科书中,"出版自由"的概念从无到有,逐渐明晰,成为公民应该掌握的基本知识,从而反映了这一概念经由精英人士从国外输入到向大众普及的过程。在当今的网络社会,要辨析人们使用"出版自由"概念所表述的内容,也要结合具体的语境。

The concept ＂freedom of the press＂expresses fundamental right of citizens. Observing and studying the concept appeared in textbooks during the period of the late Qing Dynasty and Republic of China with corresponding historical context, can we discover that the concept was gradually formed in textbooks such as Politics, Law, Moral Character and Citizen. It represents the process that such concept is introduced from abroad by the elite and then popularizes to masses, and it becomes a common sense finally. In today＇s network society, in order to discriminate the different signified of the concept ＂freedom of the press＂,we should put it into certain historical context.