三倍体长牡蛎浮筏养殖技术的研究

Suspended longline farming in triploid Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas

本文报道了两个相邻海区近 50 0hm2 三倍体长牡蛎Crassostreagigas(Thunberg)浮筏养殖的研究结果。三倍体牡蛎的采苗器为栉孔扇贝壳 ,每片采苗器采苗 10～ 12个 ,以 15～ 2 0cm间距夹于 3股聚乙 (丙 )烯绳间并吊养在浮筏上。三倍体牡蛎在个体重、出肉率和条件指数等养殖经济性状方面比二倍体分别增加4 2 .1% ,16 .2 % ,56 .7% ,成活率也有一定的提高。三倍体在生长等方面性状优势的生物学基础可能与其低育性和对饵料的高转化率有关。通过在两个相邻海区对三倍体牡蛎浮筏养殖的比较研究 ,证明了三倍体长牡蛎大规模浮筏养殖技术的可行性。

The experiment was performed in 2 adjacent sea farms covering more than 500 hm 2 with 3 016 longlines near Dalian Bay. The water temperature was 1.3～26.2℃ all year, the salinity 28～30 and the water depth 8～14 m. The scallop shells, on which had been spatted a number of young triploid-treated oysters, were inserted in the lay of 3-strand polypropylene rope at 15～20 cm intervals to allow unhindered growth on all sides. The rope was suspended from the surface of the longline into water, long enough but not touching bottom, tied with weight to avoid twining round each other. In the initial 3 months of farming, the population treated to triploid appeared different in growth. From month 14～26, the individual weight increased by 42.1%, fatness by 16.2% and condition index was 56.7%.The survival performance had showed a similar tendency which seemed to result from its more highly efficient assimilation and lower reproduction. It was concluded that the triploid farming with the longline on the sea was successful and the technique was available to the triploid shellfish mariculture in a large scale based on 3 years of research.