肉牛屠宰场废弃物堆肥基本性质及微生物区系变化研究

Basic Properties and Microbial Characteristics during the Composting Process of Beef Slaughterhouse Waste

重点研究肉牛屠宰场废弃物堆肥过程基本性质和微生物区系的动态变化规律,同时探讨添加不同微生物菌剂对该废弃物堆肥进程的影响。试验结果表明:屠宰场废弃物堆肥温度、种子发芽指数(GI)、草籽灭活率、卫生指标和微生物数量的变化规律与牛粪堆肥基本相同,但所用时间略长,堆肥pH在快速升温阶段大幅度升高,然后持平,最后略有降低。在堆肥过程中,微生物数量总趋势为细菌的数量最多,放线菌次之,真菌的数量最少;开始升温阶段三种微生物数量均有增加,但细菌增速最大,放线菌和真菌缓慢增加;到快速升温阶段放线菌和真菌增幅变大,细菌数量开始减少;真菌数量在堆肥中后期持续下降。向堆肥中添加微生物菌剂可加快堆肥腐熟,缩短堆肥周期。添加微生物菌剂4的堆肥各项指标变化相对较快,综合判定添加菌剂4的堆肥效果最好。

Taken the beef slaughterhouse waste as composting raw materials, this study investigated dynamic changes of basic properties and microbial community during the composting process in which the effects of different microbial agents was discussed. The results showed that the change model between temperature, seed germination index （GI）, vigor of weed seed, mortality of oval of roundworm and microbial biomass were similar to animal manure compost, while the eomposting time was longer than animal manure compost. The value of pH increased faster in the beginning warming phase, then steadied, decreased slightly at last phase. During the composting process, the most of microorganism count was bacterium, the second was actinomycete and the least was fungi. Added microbial agents could raise the compost temperature, speed up the fermentation effeieney, and microbial agent of No.4 was the best among the studied microorganism agents.