人视神经的解剖学数值及意义

Anatomical measurement and significance of human optic nerve

视神经是人第二对脑神经,起于视神经盘,止于视交叉,负责传导视觉信息。按视神经走行可分为4段,即球内段、眶内段、管内段和颅内段。颅内肿瘤、创伤以及视神经相关手术常伤及视神经及其血供,导致严重的并发症甚至失明。因此视神经的解剖学观测数值对视神经相关疾病的诊断和治疗有重要意义。本文综述了近期解剖学和影像学对人视神经走行、毗邻以及血供的观测研究。

The optic nerve is the second cranial nerve of human beings, originates from the optic disc and ends at the optic chiasm, through which visual impulses are transmitted. According to the course of the optic nerve, it can be divided into four parts known as intraocular, intraorbital, intracanalicular and intracranial segments. Injuries of the optic nerve and its blood supply often occur because of the intracranial tumor, trauma and surgeries nearby the nerve, cause serious complications even blindness. Thus, the measurement of the optic nerve is extremely crucial for the diagnosis and therapies of optic nerve diseases and injuries. This paper has reviewed the measurement of the optic nerve in accordance with anatomical and neuroimaging researches.