陕北宋金石窟大日如来图像类型分析

Typological Analysis of The Mahavairocana Images from The Shaanbei Caves of The Song and Jing Dynasties

作者等经过历年调查,在延安市所属区县的宋金石窟中发现一批密教大日如来图像。这些图像包括多种存在形式,或属于金刚界曼荼罗成身会内容,或为金刚界与胎藏界大日如来组合,或为金刚界大日如来与《华严经》毗卢遮那佛混合,反映了唐代密教艺术的后续发展情况。其大日如来组织在当地以净土信仰为核心的程式化图像体系之中,密教成就法身思想与显教修菩萨行、往生净土等内涵,共同发挥教化众生的作用。陕北宋金石窟大日如来图像构成中国密教遗存的重要组成部分,扩充并深化了学界以往的认知范围和程度。

A certain number of Tantric Mahavairiocana images including many forms like DharmakayaEnlightenment group of the Vajradhātu-mandala, the combination of Mahavairocana in Vajradhātu and in Garbhadhādu, the blend of the Mahavairocana in Vajradhātu with Vairocana in Avatamsaka Sutra have been found by the author in the field research of the Song-Jin dynastic caves which is now under Yan’an municipal administration in northern Shannxi. These images reflect the follow-up progress of Tang Dynastic Tantric art. That the Mahavairocana images are integrated into the Pureland-centered local schematic image system expresses the thoughts of Dharmakaya-Enlightenment in Tantrayana, Bodhisattva practices and Pureland reincarnations in Sutrayana, which work together to enlighten all sentient beings. The Mahavairocana images from the caves play an important part in Tantric monuments in China, which offer to expand and deepen the previous cognition of the study field.