转基因树木研究现状及发展趋势

A Brief Overview of Transgenic Trees

通过基因工程技术将外源基因到树木基因组弥补了其传统育种手段周期长、过程繁琐、性状难以人为控制的缺点。在过去20年,树木转基因研究取得了令人鼓舞的成果,选育出多种携带外源基因的树木,并经过了限制性田间试验。国外开展树木转基因研究先于国内,在抗除草剂、抗虫、降低木质素等方面取得了显著进展,同时开展了转基因表达稳定性和安全性方面的研究。本文综合论述了近年来国内外树木转基因工作研究进展。就各国转基因树木种植概况、遗传性状改良方向、田间试验情况进行了介绍和总结,分析了存在的问题和未来发展的趋势。以期为我国从事林木基因工程研究的科研工作者以及政府决策部门提供借鉴,以促进我国树木基因工程的研究和发展。

Traditional breeding has been widely used in tree improvement. However, this technology is inefficient because of long and complex life cycle that is not amenable to strict control by man. Fortunately, the development of genetic engineering is offering new approach for tree breeding through the introduction of foreign genes. During the last two decades, tree genetic engineering has been progressing at a steady pace in the forest trees. Transgenic trees carrying various different transgenes have been produced, and are undergoing confined field trials in the world. Forest transgenie research was launched earlier in developed countries, including herbicide resistance, insect resistance, and lignin reduction in several forest tree species. The stability and security of transgene expression need to be addressed in the long-lived forest trees. This paper progress on tree transgenic research in recent years was reviewed comprehensively, especially about planting areas, target traits, genetic modification and field trials. It was provided with detailed and valuable data for researchers in this field and government. More importantly, it will be proposed to develop domestic tree genetic engineering.