基于MODIS数据的山东省土壤墒情遥感动态监测与分析

Dynamic Remote Sensing Monitoring and Analysis of Soil Moisture in Shandong Province Based on MODIS Data

干旱灾害是我国主要的自然灾害之一。近年来,连续性、极端干旱灾害时有发生,对我国粮食安全、饮水安全和生态安全造成严重威胁。土壤墒情是旱情监测的重要指标,遥感技术具有观测范围广、实时性强以及成本低廉等优势,可以广泛应用于土壤墒情监测。本文分析了土壤墒情与地表参数NDVI(归一化植被指数)和LJST(地表温度)的关系,建立了基于NDVI和LST、并考虑土壤类型的土壤墒情遥感监测模型。利用该模型,基于MODIS遥感影像和地面实测墒情,对2010年10月到2011年5月山东省旱情进行了动态监测。监测结果显示:山东省的旱情经历了不断加重,再到逐渐缓解。然后又局部加重。最终全部缓解的过程,干旱核心区为鲁南地区,与实际情况一致。

Drought disaster is one of main natural disasters in China. In recent years, continuity and extreme drought disasters occur frequently , which seriously threaten food security , water safety and ecological security. Soil moisture is a important factor of drought monitoring. Remote sensing technology can be widely used in the soil moisture monitoring with its advantages of large observation range, powerful real-time performance and low cost. In this paper, the relationship between soil moisture, normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） and land surface temperature （LST） was analyzed, and a remote sensing monitoring soil moisture model was set up based on NDVI and LST. In the end, based on MODIS image and ground measured data, a dynamic monitoring of soil moisture was carried out in Shandong Province from October 2010 to May 2011. The results show that the drought in Shandong Province began in October 2010, then became more and more serious ; Due to raining, the drought, eased a little in the end of February 2011, soon became serious again ; In may 2011 , the drought basically disappeared. The most serious area of drought is the south Shandong Province. The monitoring results agree with the actual situation.