群体配置对冬小麦水分利用及产量的影响

Effect of Population Configuration on Water Use and Yield of Winter Wheat

为给冬小麦节水高产栽培种植密度和行距的配置提供理论依据,采用水分测坑池栽试验,设置等行距条播(W1,行距20 cm)和宽幅种植(W2,幅宽10 cm、行距30 cm)2种种植方式和105万(P1),150万(P2),210万(P3),270万(P4)株/hm24种种植密度,在冬小麦生长前期土壤水分较为充足、中后期较为干旱年型下,研究了不同群体配置方式对冬小麦水分利用及产量的影响。结果表明,在P1、P2、P3、P4密度下,等行距种植(W1)小麦产量分别比宽幅种植(W2)高14.39%,12.54%,6.28%,14.37%;等行距种植在密度P4条件下产量最高(8 270.77 kg/hm2),宽幅种植在密度P3条件下产量最高(7 392.43 kg/hm2)。种植方式和密度对冬小麦成穗数、穗粒数和千粒质量均有显著影响。冬小麦拔节-开花平均耗水强度分别为开花-成熟和播种-拔节的3.6,2.7倍。在相同密度下,等行距条播(W1)水分利用效率均显著高于宽幅种植(W2)。因此,在等行距条播和种植密度270万株/hm2条件下冬小麦产量最高,水分利用效率适中,是本试验条件下最佳群体配置组合。

A pot experiment was conducted with different planting densities and planting patterns to explore the theoretical basis for obtaining the high yield and saving water of winter wheat.The experiment was designed with 2 planting patterns：equal space drill planting（W1,space 20 cm）and wide planting（W2,width 10 cm,space 30 cm）,and 4 planting densities：105×104,150×104,210×104and 270×104 plants/ha.The water condition was abundant in earlier growth period and dry in mid and later period.The results showed that the yield of P1,P2,P3 and P4 was 14.39%,12.54%,6.28% and 14.37% higher in W1 than in W2,respectively.Under W1 condition,P4 showed the highest yield（8 270.77 kg/ha）among all densities,while it was P3（7 392.43 kg/ha）under W2.The density and planting pattern had significant effects on spike number,grain number per spike and 1 000-grain weight.The daily water consumption from jointing to anthesis stage of winter wheat was 3.6 and 2.7 times that from anthesis to maturity stage and sowing to jointing stage,respectively.The water use efficiency of W1 was higher than that of W2 in the same density.The P4（270×104 plants/ha）of W1 had the highest yield and suitable water use efficiency,so it should be the best population combination mode in the experiment.