农村老人生存质量与死亡风险中的家庭支持机制

The Role of Family Support in the Life Quality and Mortality Risk for Elderly People in Rural Areas of China

中国老年人的比例在社会支持机制欠缺的条件下快速增长,传统的家庭照料模式也由于生育率的下降和人口流动正经历巨大的变革。为理解人口转型下家庭支持对农村老人健康晚年的作用机制,利用安徽巢湖对60岁以上农村老人的四期纵向调查数据,检验了包括居住安排、子女教育、子女经济支持在内的家庭支持对各种健康指标的短期、中期和长期影响。研究发现,相比独居的生活方式,与他人同居降低了患其他慢性病老人的死亡风险;与子女同居则增加了患心脏类疾病老人的死亡风险,但短期能改善健康自评,降低基期患心脏类疾病和中期新患心脏类疾病的可能。研究也发现,子女教育与经济支持分别在不同时期对提高老人生存质量发挥保护功能,但也增加了中期新患心脏类疾病的风险。

The portion of China＇s elderly people is rapidly rising under the lack of social support mechanism. The traditional family care mode is also experiencing great change due to the fertility decline and population mobility. To understand the act- ing mechanism of the role of family support for the healthy old age of the elderly people in rural areas of China under the de- mographic transition, we used the four -phase longitudinal survey data for the rural elderly people aged above 60 in Chaohu, Anhui Province to examine the short -, middle - and long - term effects of the family support including dwelling arrangement, children＇s education and financial support from children on various health indexes. Our findings suggested that compared with the mode of living alone, the mode of living with others decreased the mortality risk of the elderly people suffering from chron- ic diseases; the mode of living with adult children increased the mortality risk of the elderly people suffering from chronic dis- eases, but in a short term this might improve the health self - assessment making it possible to lessen the heart diseases in the base period and new heart diseases in the middle period. The study also revealed that children＇s education and financial sup- port perform a protective function in bettering the living quality of the elderly people in different terms respectively, increasing the risk of suffering from new heart diseases in the middle term however.