高产夏玉米产量性能特征及密度深松调控效应

Yield Performance Characteristics and Regulation Effects of Plant Density and Sub-Soiling Tillage System for High Yield Population of Summer Maize

以现代高产玉米品种中单909和郑单958为试验材料，于2010-2011年在河南新乡设置种植密度与耕作方式田间试验，研究夏玉米高产群体产量性能参数变化及主要栽培措施调控效应。结果表明，中单909相比郑单958显著增产11．36％，穗粒数（KN）、千粒重（Kw）极显著增加（P〈O．01），生育天数（D）、收获指数（HI）和收获穗数（EN）无明显差异（P〉0．05）；平均叶面积指数（MLAI）、光合势在灌浆后期增加更为显著，平均净同化率（MNAR）显著增加（P〈0．05），而干物质积累最大生长速率、生长速率最大时的生长量、平均生长速率、活跃生长期均明显提高。进一步分析产量性能参数间相互关系，EN与MLAI呈极显著正相关（Pl〈0．01），KN和KW与MNAR呈极显著正相关fP〈0．01），而MNAR、KN、KW与MLAI呈极显著负相关（P〈0．01）。中单909比郑单958增产可能是产量性能参数差异补偿的结果。中单909在高密度下具有较高的MLAI、MNAR和KN，获得最高产量的群体密度比郑单958高27．3％；深松耕作方式下，中单909和郑单958分别增产13．0％和8．7％，主要表现为，MNAR和KN显著增加，MLAI和D无明显变化，HI、EN、KW增加幅度在不同品种间表现不一致，表明土壤深松条件下密植（9．50×10^4株hm^-2）是目前夏玉米高产重要技术途径之一。综上，密植夏玉米高产群体产量性能特征参数为MLAI3．05-3．55、MNAR4．80-6．27gm^-2d、D109-111、H10．50-0．52、EN9．60-10．38×10^4穗hm^-2、KN352．0-370．1粒、KW314．7-315．9g，可以实现11250-12000kghm^-2以上的产量。

A 2-year field trial using high yield varieties Zhengdan 958 and Zhongdan 909 with densities and tillage systems was conducted in Xinxiang, Henan Province during 2010-2011 growing season to study the characteristics of yield performance pa- rameters and the effect of main cultivation practices for high yield population. Results indicated that compared with Zhengdan 958, Zhongdan 909 increased grain yield by 11.36% significantly, as well as kernel number per ear （KN） and 1000-kernel weight （KW） （P〈0.01）. There was no difference （P〉0.05） in duration （D）, harvest index （HI）, and ear number （EN） between two hybrids. Mean leaf area index （MLAI） and leaf area duration were improved significantly （P〈0.01）, mean net assimilation rate （MNAR） was increased significantly （P〈0.05）. Moreover, Zhongdan 909 retained higher maximum growth rate, biomass at the maximum growth rate, average growth rate and active growth duration compared with Zhengdan 958. There were significantly positive cor- relations between EN and MLAI （P〈0.01）, and between KN, KW, and MNAR （P〈0.01）. There were significantly negative corre- lations between MNAR, KN, KW, and MLAI （P〈0.01）. Zhongdan 909 had a higher yield because of the mechanism of asynchro- nous improvement of yield performance parameters. The optimize population of Zhongdan 909 was 27.3% higher than that of Zhengdan 958, with the higher MLAI, MNAR, and KN. Grain yield increased by 8.71% and 13.02% in sub-soiling tillage system for Zhengdan 958 and Zhongdan 909, respectively, resulting from increasing MNAR and KN significantly. There was no differ-ence in MLAI and D between both varieties. HI, EN and KW were increased differently in different varieties.