北京市大饭店空调冷却塔军团菌污染现况及人群感染水平研究

Studies on Legionella-contamination to the air-conditioning cooling towers in big hotels and on its seroprevalence in the relatad populations in Beijing

目的 了解北京市大饭店空调冷却塔军团菌污染现况及相关人群感染水平。方法 按分层随机抽样的方法 ,抽取北京市 14家大饭店 (四五星级 )中央空调 38个冷却塔 ;抽取相应饭店健康工作人员 (暴露人群 )和非从事饭店行业的健康人群 (对照人群 )各 414人 ,分别进行军团病的病原学及人群血清学检测。结果 所调查饭店中 12家空调冷却塔有军团菌污染 ,污染率 85 .7% ;有 2 1个冷却塔检出军团菌 ,阳性率 5 5 .3 % ( 2 1/ 38) ;共分离 16株军团菌 ,均为嗜肺军团菌种 ,其中 8株菌的菌型为血清 1型。暴露人群血清中军团菌感染的阳性率 9.9% ( 41/ 414) ,对照人群 3 .5 % ( 14/ 414) ,阳性率差异有显著性 ,暴露人群高于对照人群 ( χ2 =14.2 ,P <0 .0 1)。结论 军团菌普遍存生于空调冷却塔 ,已对暴露人群的健康造成威胁 。

Objective To understand the situation of Legionellacontamination at cooling towers of big hotel and the level of Legionellainfection among related populations in Beijing. Methods Thirtyeight cooling towers of hotels were chosen for detection of Legionella. Four hundred and fourteen staff members from the hotels were selected as exposure group, with another 414 from general population as controls, for the detection of Legionella antibodies. Results Sixteen strains of Legionella pneumophila (Lp) were isolated from 21 of the 38 cooling towers,and the predominant strain was Lp serum group 1(50%,8/16). The seroprevalence of Lp antibodies for the exposure group was 9.9 % (41/414), comparing to 3.5 % (14/414) from the control group. The difference was statistically significant(χ2= 14.2 ,P< 0.01 ). Conclusion Legionella was discovered in airconditioning cooling tower of the hotels, which threatened the health to the population exposed to it.