城市内涝监测技术的应用研究

Application of Urban Waterlogging Monitoring Technology

根据城市内涝监测预警的需求,提出在城市河流的关键点,将高精度压力水位器与区域自动气象站组成内涝监测系统,并从系统架构、测量原理、参数设置、误差补偿等方面阐述设计方法。系统每分钟采集一组数据,水位测量精度达到0.1%。通过与国家标准水文站对比分析,该站水位与天文潮位涨落趋势一致,相位落后1h,观测误差平均为0.06m。通过分析,得到结论,当茅洲河流域日平均面雨量大于40mm,测站水位达到1.5m,并维持4h以上时,极易发生城市内涝。将水位监测与面雨量实况结合,对提高城市内涝预警预报能力有较大的帮助。

Based on the needs of the urban waterlogging monitoring and early warning in Shenzhen,an introduction is made to the design method of a water-logging system,which consists of the high-accuracy pressure and water-level gauges and automatic weather stations at key points of the urban river,in the aspects of the system architecture,measurement principles,parameter setting,design error compensation,etc.The system adopts a set of data collected every minute,and the water level measurements have an accuracy of 0.1%.Through comparison with the measurements from national standard hydrological stations,it is found out that the water level measurements from the station are consistent with the astronomical tide water level fluctuation,with the phase being 1 hour lagged and the measurement error being less than 0.06 m.Through a case analysis,it is concluded that when the average area rainfall in the Maozhou River basin is greater than 40 mm and the measured water level reaches 1.5 m,and maintains more than four hours,the urban area is prone to waterlogging.The combination of water level measurements and the observed area rainfall help improve the capabilities of waterlogging early warning and forecasting for a city.