国家政权建设视野中土家族地区农村民间信仰传统的变迁——以鄂西五峰土家族自治县为例

The Change of the Rural Traditional Folk Beliefs in Tujia Areas under the Perspective of State Regime Construction—Based on the Survey Data from Baiyiping Village

土家族在清代改土归流的民族政策实施进程中逐步的"汉化",并形成了以祖先崇拜为主体的民间信仰传统。国家政权建设的强制推行破坏了传统民间信仰的经济、政治、社会基础和村落内部的文化结构,动摇了传统民间信仰的村庄基础。在政府的推动下,乡村社会逐步确立起社会主义新传统的民间信仰替代形式。直到改革开放以后,乡村社会出现了祖先崇拜为主体的传统民间信仰形式的复苏,社会主义新传统的变异以及西化的教派教支泛滥发展的现象。三足鼎立的民间信仰格局给新农村建设带来了新的挑战。

Tujia people had formed the traditional folk beliefs which put ancestor worship as the main body in the his- torical vicissitude gradually. State regime construction had destroyed the economic basis and political basis and social basis of traditional folk beliefs and the cultural structure inside the village, and had destroyed the village foundation of traditional folk beliefs. Under the leadership of the party and the government, the new socialist tradition gradually became the main form of farmer beliefs. Since the reform and opening up, the traditional folk beliefs have began to recover, and the new so- cialist tradition has began to change, and the western religion has also started to develop quickly, Which bring new challen- ges to the new rural construction.