河北省滦县1996—2009年土地利用的变化特点

Land Use Change Characteristics in Luan County of Hebei Province

为给滦县的土地管理提供科学依据,基于洛伦茨曲线和基尼系数分析了滦县1996—2009年土地利用的时空变化特点。结果表明:1)1996—2009年耕地减少了7 083.85hm2,建设用地扩展速度迅猛,建设用地的比重由1996年的10.81%增加到2009年的18.01%;2)耕地主要转变为建设用地、园林地,而园林地主要转为耕地和建设用地,未利用地则主要开发为耕地、园地和林地;3)农村居民点、耕地、其他农用地更加靠近绝对均衡线,而建制镇有一定程度的靠近绝对均衡线,但仍是最不均衡的;4)2009年,耕地、其他农业用地、农村居民点的基尼系数小于0.2,基尼系数变化最大的是未利用地,达0.54。结论:建设用地扩张是土地利用变化的关键因素,控制建设用地规模是保护土地的根本措施。实践表明,把洛伦茨曲线和基尼系数结合起来是一种比较好的研究土地利用变化的方法。

To provide a scientific reference for land management in Luan County, land use change of Luan County during 1996-2009 was analyzed by employing Lorentz curve and Jini coefficient. Results：1） Farmland decreased by 7085. 35 hm^2 and construction land rapidly enlarged from 1996 to 2009, the proportion of construction land increased from 10. 81% to 18. 01%; 2） Farmland mainly changed into construction land, orchard and woodland. While orchard and woodland mainly changed into farmland and construction land, the unused land changed into farmland and orchard and woodland; 3） Rural settlements, cultivated land, other agricultural land were close to the absolute equilibrium line, while the town-land was close to absolute equilibrium line in a certain degree, but it was still the most unequal; 4） In 2009 the Jini coefficients of farm land and other agricultural land and rural settlements were below 0.2. The Jini coefficient of unused land was the biggest. Conclusion： 1） The most important cause was enlarging of construction land in land use change and controlling construction land was a core measure; Combined application of Lorentz curve and Jini coefficient was an effective method to study land use change.