政治伊斯兰激进抑或温和:埃及伊斯兰政党同爱资哈尔的斗争

Radical or Moderate Political Islam:The Struggle between Egyptian Islamic Parties and Al-Azhar Institutions

在后穆巴拉克时代的埃及政治过渡进程中,由穆兄会自由与正义党和赛莱菲光明党为代表的伊斯兰政党,不得不面对爱资哈尔系统所代表的传统伊斯兰权威。爱资哈尔提倡的温和、宽容和理性的宗教思想,与所谓的政治伊斯兰明显不同。掌权的政治伊斯兰主义者利用国家权力威逼爱资哈尔长老辞职,有意削弱爱资哈尔的宗教权力,逐渐蚕食爱资哈尔的宗教话语权。面对政治伊斯兰主义者的敌意,爱资哈尔强力反击,拒绝修改有争议的1971年宪法第二条,谴责政治伊斯兰阵营发布的极端教法令。爱资哈尔成功地捍卫了无可置疑的宗教权威地位,其独立性被写入2012年宪法第四条。未来埃及的政治伊斯兰前景很大程度上取决于爱资哈尔与伊斯兰政党的竞争性互动关系。

During the Egyptian political transitional process in Post - Mubarak era, the Islamic parties represented by Muslim Brotherhood political wing - ＂Freedom and Justice Party＂ and Dawa Salafist ＂Al - Nour Party＂, had to confront the traditional Islamic authority represented by Al - Azhar Institutions who promotes moderate, tolerant and rational religious thoughts, in a clear different way with so - called political Islam. The ruling political Islamists utilizing their state power in hand threatened to force Sheikh of Al - Azhar to resign, deliberately weakened Al - Azhar＇ religious influence, and gradually encroached on Al- Azhar＇ religious discourse. Facing the hostile challenges from the political Islamists, Al -Azhar institu- tions strongly striked back by rejecting any amendment to the controversial Article 2 of 1971 Constitution, and denouncing the extreme fatwas issued by political Islamist camp. Al- Azhar institutions succeeded in defending its incontestable religious authority whose independence has been wrote in the newly approved 2012 Constitution Article 4. The future of Egyptian political Islam largely depends on the emulative interaction between Al -Azhar institutions and the Islamic parties.